Binomial Coefficients Algorithm (GNU MP 6.3.0)
Description: How to install and use the GNU multiple precision arithmetic library, version 6.3.0.

#### 15.7.3 Binomial Coefficients

Binomial coefficients C(n,k) are calculated by first arranging k <= n/2 using C(n,k) = C(n,n-k) if necessary, and then evaluating the following product simply from i=2 to i=k.

                          k  (n-k+i)
    C(n,k) =  (n-k+1) * prod -------
                         i=2    i

It’s easy to show that each denominator i will divide the product so far, so the exact division algorithm is used (see Exact Division).

The numerators n-k+i and denominators i are first accumulated into as many fit a limb, to save multi-precision operations, though for `mpz_bin_ui` this applies only to the divisors, since n is an `mpz_t` and n-k+i in general won’t fit in a limb at all.