PAX 1 (GNU tar 1.35)

#### PAX Format, Version 1.0

The version `1.0` of sparse format was introduced with GNU `tar` 1.15.92. Its main objective was to make the resulting file extractable with little effort even by non-posix aware `tar` implementations. Starting from this version, the extended header preceding a sparse member always contains the following variables that identify the format being used:

`GNU.sparse.major` ¶

  Major version

`GNU.sparse.minor` ¶

  Minor version

The `name` field in `ustar` header contains a special name, constructed using the following pattern:

    %d/GNUSparseFile.%p/%f

The real name of the sparse file is stored in the variable `GNU.sparse.name`. The real size of the file is stored in the variable `GNU.sparse.realsize`.

The sparse map itself is stored in the file data block, preceding the actual file data. It consists of a series of decimal numbers delimited by newlines. The map is padded with nulls to the nearest block boundary.

The first number gives the number of entries in the map. Following are map entries, each one consisting of two numbers giving the offset and size of the data block it describes.

The format is designed in such a way that non-posix aware `tar`s and `tar`s not supporting `GNU.sparse.*` keywords will extract each sparse file in its condensed form with the file map prepended and will place it into a separate directory. Then, using a simple program it would be possible to expand the file to its original form even without GNU `tar`. See Extracting Sparse Members, for the detailed information on how to extract sparse members without GNU `tar`.