copy directory hierarchy (GNU tar 1.35)

### B.1 Copying directory hierarchies

This is a traditional way to copy a directory hierarchy preserving the dates, modes, owners and link-structure of all the files therein. It was used back when the `cp` command lacked the `-a` option:

    $ (cd sourcedir; tar -cf - .) | (cd targetdir; tar -xf -)

You can avoid subshells by using `-C` option:

    $ tar -C sourcedir -cf - . | tar -C targetdir -xf -

The same command using long option forms:

    $ (cd sourcedir; tar --create --file=- . ) \
           | (cd targetdir; tar --extract --file=-)

or

    $ tar --directory sourcedir --create --file=- . \
           | tar --directory targetdir --extract --file=-